Garcia's Grocery, Clermont Harbor, MS.
bNatchez was incorporated on March 10, 1803. It is the oldest municipality in Mississippi, and is the oldest continuous settlement on the Mississippi River.
Established by French colonists in 1716, Natchez is one of the oldest and most important settlements in the lower Mississippi River Valley. After the French lost the French and Indian War, they ceded Natchez and near territory to Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris of 1763.
Natchez is recognized particularly for its role in the development of the Old Southwest during the first half of the 19th century. It was the southern terminus of the historic Natchez Trace, with the northern terminus being Nashville, Tennessee. After unloading their cargoes in Natchez, many pilots and crew of flatboats and keelboats traveled by the Trace overland to their homes in the Ohio River Valley.
In the decades preceding the Civil War, Natchez was by far the most prevalent slave trading city in Mississippi, and second in the United States only to New Orleans.
In the middle of the nineteenth century, the city attracted wealthy planters as residents, who built mansions to fit their ambitions. Their plantations were vast tracts of land in the surrounding lowlands along the river fronts of Mississippi and Louisiana, where they grew large commodity crops of cotton and sugarcane. Natchez became the principal port from which these crops were exported, both upriver to Northern cities and downriver to New Orleans, where much of the cargo was exported to Europe. Many of the mansions built by planters before 1860 survive today and form a major part of the city's architecture and identity.
Before the Civil War, Natchez had the most millionaires per capita of any city in the United States, making it arguably the wealthiest city in the nation at the time.
During the Ci